I don't ask much of a post. My only request is that it hold my interest. Which this old one from 2011 did:
One point to bear in mind is that we cannot regard the cosmos as some sort of static or given fact, if only because its factuality hasn't yet fully disclosed itself. The world is always evolving, always coming-into-being; furthermore, "world and human existence belong necessarily to one another, so that neither a worldless man nor even a world without man seems thinkable" (Ratzinger).
No one disputes the first half of this equation, but few people outside the coonosphere even think about the second part, i.e., the impossibility of a world without man -- not necessarily Homo sapiens per se, but more generally, the necessity of a vertical "bridge" between Creator and creation in any manifestation deployed in space and time: persons.
Even the most materialistic scientist knows there is an intimate link between cosmos and anthropos, if only because all science depends upon the consummation and development of this intimate marriage of intelligence and intelligibility.
To put it another way, even the scientist implicitly knows that science is impossible without scientists. In short, there must be a kind of anterior and posterior oneness beneath the explicit twoness (or complementarity) of cosmos and man, in the absence of which we couldn't explain anything, especially the surprising mirrorcle of science <--> scientists.
Again, science advances via the reduction of multiplicity to unity. A single concept -- say, gravity -- draws together a host of phenomena, on both a micro and macro scale, that had seemed entirely separate. For Ratzinger, this "two-in-one structure" of man and cosmos "has always pointed to... unity as its final goal."
This being the case, it is incorrect to suggest that history is something that simply "happens" in the cosmos. Rather, "the cosmos is itself history. It does not merely form the scene of human history; before human history began, and later with it, cosmos is itself 'history.'" Ultimately, "there is only one single all-embracing world history, which for all the ups and downs, all the advances and setbacks that it exhibits, nevertheless has a general direction and goes 'forward'" (ibid.).
Now, this "one single all-embracing world history" is the unifying theme of our book and of this blog, no matter how far we may seem to stray from the plot. We are always on the way to the place from which we never left, even if we never can arrive there.
I remember an analogy used by Alan Watts. Imagine looking at a wooden fence with a hole in it. A cat walks by on the other side. Assuming no prior knowledge of cats, one would have no way of unifying the disparate phenomena appearing from our side of the hole. We would see an event play out in time, which is actually unified in a higher space.
We may apply the same idea to the cosmos, since we are in the analogous position of viewing its diverse phenomena through our finite and transitory existence on this side of the whole. As Ratzinger explains,
"Of course, to him who sees only a section of it, this piece, even though it may be relatively big, looks like a circling in the same spot. No direction is perceptible. It is only observed by him who begins to see the whole" (emphasis mine). (For example, even simplistic Darwinian evolution may only be seen by those transcending it; nothing less than man knows anything about it.)
In other words, the lower dimensional evolutionary "movement" of the cosmos can only be seen from a higher perspective -- one more reason why there can be no "naked facts," because the nature of any fact changes, depending upon the temporal and dimensional perspective.
For example, in this larger perspective, the "natural world" is not, and cannot be, some sort of abstract realm cut off from the totality of the cosmos. Rather, in an evolutionary, historical cosmos, "matter and its evolution form the prehistory of spirit or mind" (emphasis mine).
Here again, as explained in the book, it is nothing more than an unexamined prejudice -- a postmodern superstition of the tenured -- to attempt to pull the subject down into into the object, as if this provides any kind of satisfactory explanation for either.
This approach is analogous to attempting to pull the space of a building into its walls. One would have to be quite uncurious -- or a kind of craven conformist -- to accept it without at least raising one's hand in class and asking w-w-why?
One doesn't have to accept the Christian solution, but at least it confronts this question of an evolutionary cosmos head-on, without coming to a gentileman's agreement not to avoid certain awkward questions.
For if Jesus is who we think he is, then "the consummation of the world in that event could be explained as the conviction that our history is advancing to an 'omega' point, at which it will become finally and unmistakably clear that the element of stability that seems to be the supporting ground of reality, so to speak, is not mere unconscious matter."
Rather, "the real, firm ground is mind. Mind holds being together, gives it reality, indeed is reality: it is not from below but from above that being receives its capacity to subsist" (ibid., emphasis mine).
This is indeed one of our foundational orthoparadoxes, and quite literally the "connecting thread" of all our cosmic adventures. For without this connecting thread, there could be no connections and no threads at all. Regarded in this manner, what had looked merely "natural" is drawn up into a much more glorious narrative, i.e., the Adventure of Consciousness.
And not only. For this way of looking at things is, in a manner of speaking, the death of death, since the "dead world" of matter (or the world of dead matter) looks very different once Life emerges from its dark womb.
But might we say the same of Mind? Is mind merely a dead end, a cosmic nul-de-slack, or does it point beyond itself to a higher source and destiny? Again, at least Christianity confronts and answers the question without changing the subject -- into an object:
We have said before that nature and mind form one single history, which advances in such a way that mind emerges more and more clearly as the all-embracing element and thus anthropology and cosmology finally in actual fact coalesce.But this assertion of the increasing "complexification" of the world through mind necessarily implies its unification around a personal center, for mind is not just an undefined something or other; where it exists in its own specific nature, it subsists as individuality, as person.
Therefore, this "implies that the cosmos is moving toward a unification in the personal," and "confirms once again the infinite precedence of the individual over the universal.... The world is in motion toward unity in the person. The whole draws its meaning from the individual, not the other way about" (ibid., emphasis mine).
Thus the conclusion of Christianity, at once "scandalous" and yet fully in keeping with the way things Are and Must Be: that a single individual, a fully integrated and complete Cross-Word puzzall, is "the center of history and of the whole.... What stands at the end is a countenance. The omega of the world is a 'you,' a person, an individual."
Time out for aphorisms:
--For the Christian, history does not have a direction, but rather a center.
--By unmasking a truth, one encounters a Christian face.
And this, by the way, has political implications, since this quintessential cosmo-historical Person "is at the same time the final denial of all collectivism.... The final stage of the world is not the result of a natural current, but the result of responsibility that is grounded in freedom."
(All quoted material from Ratzinger's so-called "Introduction" to Christianity.)
34 comments:
(For example, even simplistic Darwinian evolution may only be seen by those transcending it; nothing less than man knows anything about it.)
I'd like to see you develop and justify this a bit more because to me it's one of those key issues you come back to again and again. Why can't Darwinian evolution be "seen" by a creature that has not transcended it, i.e., by mere matter? My intuition is to distinguish between subject and object but I want to take the "materialist view" seriously, and not simply rely on my strong feeling that I am a thinking subject. Often you seem to suggest that the traditional view of the mind is self-evident, or at the very least a logical necessity if we are to know anything. I'm hoping to gain some insight on this when I get around to reading Aping Mankind.
I actually recall this post. The whole concept of The world is in motion toward unity in the person had resonance for me at the time. Especially since I was still steeped in more an Eastern impersonal orientation.
"Why can't Darwinian evolution be "seen" by a creature that has not transcended it, i.e., by mere matter?"
Seriously, isn't the answer self-evident? Either matter is much more than you believe it is, or the thinking subject is much less. If you concede that "matter may know itself," that's just begging the question, as it implies transcendence.
Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence. So, what principle of matter explains how experience -- i.e., interiority -- is even possible?
The most important fact in all of existence is the human subject. It changes everything -- in particular, what kind of cosmos this happens to be. For me, person -- or persons-in-relation -- is the ultimate metaphysical category, but that would require much more than a comment to explicate (we've discussed it in many posts).
Materialism (and any other form of reductionism) is self-refuting: if it's true, it's false, because truth transcends matter.
Aphorisms:
--Scraping the painting, we do not find the meaning of the picture, only a blank and mute canvas. Equally, it is not in scratching about in nature that we will find its sense.
--Perhaps transcendence could be doubted, if error, ugliness, and evil were not its incontrovertible shadow.
--The meanings are the reality; their material vehicles are the appearance.
--Science, when it finishes explaining everything, but being unable to explain the consciousness that creates it, will not have explained anything.
--The vulgar epistemology of the natural sciences is a burlesque idealism in which the brain plays the role of “I.”
--Being only falsifiable, a scientific thesis is never certain but is merely current.
From a subsequent post of mine:
Anything that is knowable conceals the unknowable mystery of its own knowability.
In other words, even the merest scrap of knowledge always points in two directions, or has an interior and exterior horizon.
The scientistic mind makes the elementary error of confusing method and ontology -- which is analogous to the conviction that there exist no fishes smaller than one's net.
This forthcoming book by Edward Feser may be apropos: Aristotle’s Revenge: The Metaphysical Foundations of Physical and Biological Science.
Among the many topics covered are:
• The metaphysical presuppositions of scientific method.
• The status of scientific realism
• The metaphysics of space and time.
• The metaphysics of quantum mechanics.
• Reductionism in chemistry and biology.
• The metaphysics of evolution.
• Neuroscientific reductionism.
Funny, I was half thinking this morning to ask if you had any book suggestions. The boy started Little League, and there's only so much watching I can do during practices.
***
Re. science, one of the most useful things people can learn to do in their lives is just to notice things. A science of living, as it were. It's amazing how many people seem to be genuinely incurious about anything important; and with that, how many people seem to be oblivious to what is genuinely important.
Thanks Bob. I do think our scientific materialist might retort that experience is itself an illusory side-effect of brain activity, that we are only imagining interiority. I want to be able to challenge those assumptions, but I suppose you are correct that the assumptions refute themselves. It's much like saying the one truth that can be known is that we cannot know anything.
Yes, it's a nonsensical metaphysic for the sake of defending.... what exactly? Nihilism? Absolute stupidity? End stage tenure?
To cleanse and ground your mind and spirit in absolute principles, I would strongly recommend Schuon's classic Logic & Transcendence, in particular, the first five or so chapters on The Contradiction of Relativism, Rationalism Real and Apparent, Concerning Proofs of God, et al.
You'll return to it again and again. You should review it at least as often as you visit the dentist, so as to avoid truth decay.
"Nothing is more contradictory than to deny the spirit, or even simply the psychic element, in favor of matter alone, for it is the spirit that denies, whereas matter remains inert and unconscious. The fact that matter can be thought about proves precisely that materialism contradicts itself at its starting point...."
Materialists won't like that, but metacosmic facts don't care about their feelings.
I like this little aphoristic statement of mine from an old post:
"If one doesn't think about God in the proper manner, one will inevitably do so in an improper manner."
Or, you could substitute metaphysics for God; and to paraphrase the Aphorist himself, those who reject metaphysics secretly harbor the coarsest.
Richard Weaver: ""Total immersion in matter makes man unfit to deal with the problems of matter"
Off topic, but this bit of schadenfreud is too delightful not to share: I guess his leg doesn't tingle much these days...
I think the description is a little overplayed, inasmuch as I didn't see any spittle flying from Matthews' mouth, but he looks like he's been punched in the gut over this. How can they be so surprised? They must have thought Mueller would be /their guy/, and come up with something dirty on someone, no matter how far-fetched.
"The doctrine that the world is made up of objects whose existence is independent of human consciousness turns out to be in conflict with quantum mechanics and with facts established by experiment."
Bernard d'Espagnat
"In the beginning there were only probabilities. The universe could only come into existence if someone observed it. It does not matter that the observers turned up several billion years later. The universe exists because we are aware of it."
Martin Rees
Regarding matter that can think about itself, wouldn't that be a matter of complexity and sparking synapses?
I don't fully grok that materialism contradicts itself because we can think; cannot thinking itself be a quality of matter? Electro-chemical brain processes? Consciousness as an artifact of physics?
Not that I believe this, mind you. But you assert that thinking transcends matter and is other than matter, and the exact reason for that assertion has not been made very apparent; rather an arbitrary divide seems to be postulated.
Not that I believe that, mind you.
I don't know how two things could be more different than consciousness and matter.
Off topic, but Scott Walker has passed. Can't say I was a fan, but he certainly left an impression. RIS.
Requiescat in slack. I became aware of him a couple decades ago and promptly joined the cult. A true original: the cabaret or show-biz delivery of a Sinatra combined with the dark subject matter of, I don't know, Velvet Underground.
Dark.
Darker.
But strange beauty too
Gagdad said "Materialism (and any other form of reductionism) is self-refuting: if it's true, it's false, because truth transcends matter."
:-)
Sweet.
Anonymous "Regarding matter that can think about itself, wouldn't that be a matter of complexity and sparking synapses?"
No. And if you ask why matter can't think, it's because you aren't thinking about either thinking or matter, perhaps because you are dazzled by the speed that computers accomplish tasks that programmers program them to perform. But that's not thinking. And the actions or results which the computers display, are not answers; you are the creature who perceives those results as answers, but that's an act of consciousness, not of matter. The goofy term 'Artificial Intelligence', is the actual intelligence of human beings, performing slight of hand through the matter of the computer, but there's no thinking happening there, and complexity adds nothing at all to that trick, that makes it anything other than a slight of hand trick.
Imagine an abacus, the plainly material calculator which people slide beads back & forth on to calculate totals with. That is what a computer does. Nothing more. At all.
If you respond "Not so! An abacus requires a person to move the beads, a computer does that on its own!", that is not true. A computer has been constructed and programmed to use properties of electricity to materially flip switches in order to take the place of the human operators finger sliding the beads back & forth, but that is a difference without a distinction, and adding the complexity of millions of abacuses, makes no difference to what's really happening. The Abacus provides the means for a human to calculate sums, and a computer does the exact same thing. The computer has the added utility of being able to display those results that we've calculated with it in a wide variety of ways (displaying the results the programmer programmed into it by lighting up pixels to give the appearance of text, or arranged as pictures, or vibratory sound, but that is not in any substantive way different from what the abacus does.
The computer, and the Abacus, provide the means for humans to see what their calculations are, but the computer has no more 'understanding' of the result (or even of 'result'), than the wooden frame, wire & beads which the abacus provides the means of doing those same tasks as. Understanding, awareness, is something that happens, as Gagdad says, interior to matter, through living creatures, which the physical matter of the wooden frame, wire & beads, silicon & electricity lacks. Nothing a computer does is substantially different from what an abacus does, its just that we've devised complex ways for the computer to retain and display our results, in a variety of ways - but at no time does either the abacus or computer have an interior awareness of what it is doing, or of what those results mean to us.
Truth is something that neither an abacus nor a computer have a place for, that is the province of human consciousness, which matter alone can never, ever, acquire. Humans are clever enough to program our electronic abacuses to perform lightening fast bead sliding, and to display those results in ways that 'seem' to mimic human responses, but that is a trick performed by our human intelligence, through the wand waving of silicon & electricity in the electronic abacus that is the computer, but at no time does the computer ever, ever, have awareness of what those results mean, anymore than the abacus 'understands' what the arrangement of its beads means to us who are using it.
That place of awareness & understanding, transcends the physical matter of the abacus. And only living creatures such as yourself, are able to realize that that is True.
Of course you can also mistakenly not understand that, but that too - making a mistake - is something that the wooden or electronic abacus will never, ever be able to do - mistakes require real intelligence to make them, and artificiality is no substitute.
Awareness needs a reactive body to feel the results of its decisions. But I still have a hard time believing that billions of cells talking to each other is what makes up consciousness. Who's watching these cells?
Anyhoo, I still worry that 80% of scientists were Christians early last century, and only 3% are now. Pascals wager seems to have died. And the faith is bleeding humanists, which will only leave authoritarian supporters. Something bad has happened. Maybe my spiritual side is telling me something.
Anon, something certainly is happening. Many somethings, really. But our lot is not to change the world, not even for Christ. Rather, all we can do is try to live our own faith in the best way we can. Doing so really does bring about change. And sometimes, when we place our trust in Him, we may be blessed enough to see miracles happen.
Just because church attendance is fading, does not mean that faith is dying. It simply means that many churches have forgotten that their first allegiance is not to the world, and so the sheep are scattering. They need simply to hear the Master's voice to be brought home again.
Good article here by Fr. Illo on how to revive a parish: http://www.frilloblog.com/blog/magazine-article-how-to-revive-a-parish. The most salient point is this:
"The way we pray determines the way we believe, which determines the way we live. Fidelity to these three laws provides Beauty, Truth and Goodness."
Hello Van,
Thank your for your fascinating comment. You drew an analogy between the computer and the Abacus, by way of asserting self-aware artificial or machine consciousness was impossible.
The overarching concept which was being discussed was the divide between matter and consciousness with was asserted by the blog author.
By way of questioning the assertion(s), your evidence in support is lacking throughout.
Consciousness could very well be a property of matter. Is matter conscious? It could be every atom has a speck or iota of awareness, very dim. When matter is combined with energy in sufficient complexity, it could be said consciousness becomes very concentrated and then becomes evident, and awareness results.
When large clumps matter accrete, we know they exert gravity, similarly so significant quantities of consciousness could arise from complex energized accretions of matter. We have to categorize consciousness as a basic universal force alongside energy, matter, and space-time. So the cosmos is space-time, energy, matter, and consciousness, all entwined and combined.
This would rule in the possibility of computer awareness, as consciousness would not be a quality restricted only to biological formations.
Use your intuition and go to a large rock formation, such as found in Yosemite. Does a massive formation like El Capitan exude some kind of brooding sentience? Many say so.
Science, when it finishes explaining everything, but being unable to explain the consciousness that creates it, will not have explained anything.
Either you’re ghostwriting at other blogs or others are catching on: https://www.davidwarrenonline.com/2019/03/23/the-cosmic-duh
Thanks for all you do!
Yes, he and I seem to be floating around in the same attractor, e.g.,
"You need to assume it [O, the Creator] even to contradict it."
And God is "the 'absolute idler,' Who does nothing at all."
The Slack that can be named is not the true Slack!
"An 'is' requires an is-maker."
Am and I, respectively.
My one quibble might be with
"In no way does He need the Creation; in every way, it needs Him."
I would say that it is in God's nature that he "needs" to create, or that the Creator cannot not create. Analogously, strictly speaking I don't need my son. But c'mon. There is a perfection proper to.... how to put it... to relatedness -- AKA Trinity -- and God is this relationship of Father-Son-Love. So it's not that he "needs" his creation. Rather, that he needs to love it as a consequence of his loving nature. I don't think this diminishes God in any way, so long as we keep things in proportion.
And this forthcoming title sounds promising: Faith and Reason: Philosophers Explain Their Turn to Catholicism.
That does look good.
One of the horrible things about all the scandals of recent days is how thoroughly a crop of bad shepherds has managed to poison Catholicism in the minds of so many. It is often disheartening. How can people trust in the Word if its representatives openly flaunt it and privately lead lives in sometimes horrific contradiction of the truth? I am Christian and Catholic, not because of any particular priest (much less any particular Pope), nor any particular parish, but because having read and studied I've found it to be the fullest expression and acknowledgment of the relationship between the Creator and His creation.
You can also turn that around and appreciate the miracle of how the Church stands despite its unending infiltration by phonies, creeps, knaves, morons, narcissists, perverts, and assorted evildoers.
Truly, good is attracted to the Light, but so too is evil, and every bit as fervently!
That's a great point; evil is parasitic off of goodness and power. The more decent and powerful any organization is, the more likely it will draw in those who delight in corruption.
Random page from the diaries of Petey:
"There is also sanctity of intellect, which comes down to a 'mind of light' (AKA the 'good egghead'). Truth is to the mind of light as morality is to the actions of the virtuous. But the mind of light has other characteristics as well, for it is clean, sober, well-ordered, lighthearted, radiant, generative, magnanimous, and never petty, narrow, self-serving, expedient, presumptuous, or stupidly curious. It never forgets Hayek's knowledge problem, Godel's theorems, or Adam's blunder."
Anonymous said "You drew an analogy between the computer and the Abacus, by way of asserting self-aware artificial or machine consciousness was impossible."
Not quite. An assertion is typically a statement emphatically made, with no further grounds for believing it than the forcefulness with which it is made. I made no such assertions, I simply noted the plain fact that a computer is essentially the same as an abacus, in that its switch flipping operations are not substantially different from what an abacuses does, and could be replicated if given a massive number of abacuses. That is not simply an assertion, but is a simple statement of an uncontroversial fact, easily verifiable by referring to nearly any intro to computers textbook on - pay special attention to Machine Code and Assembly Language.
What you apparently assume to be a vast difference between an electronic computer and abacus, is only your ignorance or dazzlement over the speed and compactness which the substitution of electric current silicon switches affords, over that of finger pressure and the position of the beads on a wire. But if it makes you feel better, substitute an abacus for an old hand cranked IBM adding machine. No difference, and my analogy holds. The fact remains that an electronic computer is only a means of using electricity to record the flipping of switches, which is exactly what an abacus does, or the adding machine does. Nothing more. Given no limitations of time and space, there is nothing that an electronic computer can do, that a complex and intricately assembled series of abacuses and tidly winks, or hand cranked adding machines, couldn't also do. If you can't imagine that complex assembly of wooden frames, wires & beads, or metal cranked adding machines suddenly becoming conscious by virtue of their complexity, there is no reason to imagine the same thing happening with electricity and silicon.
The belief that you apparently have that something more is happening there, is your own emotional assertion, made with nothing to back it up.
"Does a massive formation like El Capitan exude some kind of brooding sentience? Many say so." Many (!) may make that assertion, but that is not an argument... although... to be fair, I'm willing to entertain the possibility that there is little difference between the quality of El Capitan's sentience, and theirs.
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