Most thinkers -- 99% -- are ono inawa shyo, i.e., not my kind of guy:
But Norris Clarke is just my kind. As indicated in the past couple of posts, his Philosophical Approach to God talks about "the existence of God as the necessary a priori condition of the dynamism of human intelligence," which on the surface goes against the usual Thomistic approach of beginning with the objects of the senses.
That is to say, "rather than moving directly outward to examine the objective contents of man's knowledge about the world," this approach
turns inward to search out the necessary a priori conditions of possibility of the inner life of the human spirit in its activities of thinking and willing, and... studies the dynamic structure, the form rather than the content, of human thinking.
Makes sense. I don't see how any amount of examining or observing external objects would result in the ability to think about them if that ability weren't already implicitly present.
This is a somewhat separate point, but it highlights the radical discontinuity between animal and human intelligence. The most intelligent animal will never have the "implicit, pre-conceptual, anticipatory grasp or foretaste of being as the encompassing horizon and goal of all its inquiries" discussed in yesterday's post. Again, this dynamism is
inscribed in the very nature of man as the a priori condition of possibility of both his knowing and his willing activities.
Clarke talks about an "anticipated horizon of being" which is present to the mind "in an implicit, pre-conceptual lived awareness," so it seems that thinking is always an engagement with this horizon, which functions as an "attracting goal from the first breath of intellectual life."
A couple of posts ago we mentioned the two possibilities for thought, "On the one hand, the darkness of ultimate nothingness of what can never be; on the other, the fullness of ultimate Light, which already awaits our coming." In another chapter Clarke fleshes this out this binary choice, and let's face it:
There are only two alternatives. If the actual content of being is nothing but an endless or indefinite field of all finite entities or intelligible structures, the dynamism of the mind is doomed to endless rebounding from one finite to another, with no final satisfaction or unqualified fulfillment ever attainable, or even possible.
In this case, "Our restless, unquenchable search has no actually existing goal." Instead, "It trails off endlessly into ever-receding, always finite horizons, its inexhaustible abyss of longing and capacity ever unfulfilled and in principle unfillable."
Sad!
I think so, because it implies that all our thinking is just so much infertile cosmic onanism. Once we realize that we are well and truly sealed in the darkness of journalism and tenure, and that there is no proportion between reality and "the depths of our capacity" or "the reach of our mind," this "arouses a profound metaphysical restlessness and sadness within us":
the dynamism of our mind turns out to be a strange existential surd, an anomaly. It is a dynamism ordered precisely toward a non-existent goal; a drive through all finites toward nothing; an innate, inextinguishable summons to frustration: a living absurdity.
If this is so, then Sartre is right after all, that "every human being longs for the infinite, but since God is dead, 'man is a useless passion.'"
It reminds me of the Buddhist image of the hungry gods with swollen, empty bellies and pinholes for mouths. What's that all about, Gemini?
The Buddhist idea of the hungry gods, known as pretas in Sanskrit, describes a realm characterized by insatiable hunger and thirst.
Physical Characteristics:
- Huge, empty bellies: This symbolizes their immense and unfulfilled desires. They can never feel full or satisfied, no matter how much they consume.
- Pinhole mouths and thin necks: This is the most striking characteristic, illustrating their inability to take in enough sustenance to match their enormous hunger. Even if they find something to eat or drink, they can barely swallow it.
- Frustration and suffering: The inability to satisfy their intense hunger and thirst leads to constant frustration, torment, and suffering.
- The core issue of the preta realm is an unending desire for something -- food, drink, material possessions, attention, etc. This craving is never satisfied.
This might be true, but there is something about the structure of the mind that implies that it is impossible for it to be true. At the very least, it's a draw, so I would prefer to go with the alternative, which suggests that
somewhere hidden within this unlimited horizon of being there exists an actually infinite Plenitude of Being, in which all other beings participate yet of which they are but imperfect images.
For Thomas, this infinite plenitude is "the act of existence itself," which
now becomes the adequate, totally fulfilling goal of the dynamism of our minds, matching superabundantly the inexhaustible abyss of our own capacity and desire to know: one abyss, a negative one, calling out to another, positive one.
This is what I meant by the concavity of our abyss mirroring, as it were, the convexity of the divine abyss. This
now gives full intelligibility to the horizon of being itself, as its unifying center and source, and also confers full and magnificent intelligibility on the natural dynamism of my mind and the whole intellectual life arising out of it.
Which means that man is a useful passion after all. Unless we detach ourselves from Celestial Central and thereby render ourselves useless, which I suspect is the lesson of Genesis 3. Life may be absurd, but it's our choice.
Clearly we live in a vertical space between immanence and transcendence, the question being whether the latter has a "top," or whether is is just "a strange existential surd, an anomaly" equating to the freedom of being lost at sea. But if there is a toppermost of the poppermost, then
This at once launches us in a new direction, no longer along merely horizontal lines at the same level of things, but a vertical ascent toward qualitatively ever-higher and richer realities.
I think Gödel is relevant here, because, to repeat something we said a couple of posts ago, he showed that
human creativity in mathematics cannot be explained from "below" -- from previous sets of rules and algorithms.... This means that human mathematical creativity must be explained from "above"...
Similarly, Clarke writes of how, in considering our "inner dynamism of inquiry," we
suddenly become aware in a kind of epiphany of self-discovery precisely that its very nature is to be an inexhaustible abyss that can comprehend and leap beyond any finite or series of finites, unending or not.
We can never fully identify with the source, because it is more "a fullness out of which continually and spontaneously overflow free creative expressions" of "endless novelty."
Clarke asks "Which is the more reasonable to opt for?" I think I already reviewed this in a previous post, but there's no harm in repetition. It could be that "the profoundest depths of my intellectual nature" constitute
a living frustration, an existential absurdity, ordered ineluctably toward a simply non-existent goal, magnetized, so to speak, by the abyss of nothingness, of what is not and can never be -- a dynamism doomed eternally to temporary gratification but permanent unfulfillment.
Or, it could be that our minds are
drawn, magnetized toward an actually existing, totally fulfilling goal, which confers upon it total and magnificent meaningfulness and opens before it a destiny filled with inexhaustible light and hope.
Is this asking too much? That our minds have a point, a telos? For Clarke,
We are committed a priori, by nature, to the affirmation of the reality of the infinite..., no matter how much we deny it on the conscious, explicit level of our knowing.
I'm not yet sold. Sounds too good to be true.
I understand. We'll keep working on it and get back to you tomorrow.